The study was a large-scale retrospective analysis of the Medicare Part D program (MDI) program for patients with cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and end-stage renal disease. We used the Medicare Part D database to identify patients with heart failure, diabetes, and hypertension. The mean age of the study population was 78.1 years, with 9,631 beneficiaries. The baseline characteristics of the study population were comparable with those of previous studies. The average age was 78 years, with 11,827 beneficiaries. The average number of comorbidities was 14.3, with 16,743 beneficiaries. The most common comorbidity was hypertension, with an incidence rate of 2.5-fold greater in the study population than in previous studies. The average number of prescriptions per patient was 3.8 per day. Compared to the previous study, the study population had more cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, and fewer comorbidity. The average cost of treatment with the study drug was $871.7 per year. Overall, the Medicare Part D program had more comorbidity rates than the Medicare Part D program. The relative cost of the study drug was $0.19 per month, compared to $0.05 per month in the previous study. The Medicare Part D program is not recommended for the treatment of heart failure, diabetes, or hypertension in patients with these comorbidities. The average cost per month of treatment with the Medicare Part D drug was $1.64 per month, compared to $1.56 for the previous study.
ImageThe study was approved by the University of Michigan's Human Research Ethics Committee, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Patients were assigned to receive a 1-mg or 400-mg dose of Celecoxib (Celebrex, Sandoz). The patients received an initial dose of Celecoxib 400 mg once daily for 5 days in each of the study periods. The treatment was continued for a further 5 days. Patients were instructed to complete the full course of the study and to take the drug as directed. Patients received a maximum of 8 days of treatment. At the end of the study, the patients were instructed to have their blood pressure monitored. If necessary, the patients could continue the study. After the study ended, the patients were discharged home from the hospital. No follow-up was performed, and the patients were not randomized to receive or placebo during the study period.
After the enrollment period, the Medicare Part D program had no impact on the incidence of cardiovascular death, stroke, or any cause of death. The incidence of death in the study population was lower than that in previous studies and was 6.1-fold greater than in previous studies.
The study population was more likely to be male than female. The mean age of the study population was 78.3 years with 14,827 beneficiaries. The average number of comorbid conditions was 2.7, with 16,743 beneficiaries.
The Medicare Part D program had more comorbidity rates than the Medicare Part D program.
The mean age of the study population was 78.3 years with 15,827 beneficiaries. The most common comorbidity was hypertension, with an incidence rate of 4.6-fold greater in the study population than in previous studies.
Celecoxib, commonly known by its brand name Celebrex, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve various conditions associated with blood and lymphatic system disorders, including ulcers, bleeding, and pressure. It is primarily used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. It works by reducing inflammation and relieving pain.
The global Celecoxib market has been experiencing significant growth. As of 2023, the market size was valued at USD 10.11 billion and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.3% from 2021 to 2025, reaching USD 16.81 billion by 2032[1].
The market is dominated by several key players, including:
The Celecoxib market is also expected to grow significantly and is also the focus of several significant growth regions, including:
The Celecoxib market is characterized by the presence of major players in the following fields:
Since its introduction of marketing authorization in 2023, Celecoxib has been on the market with the approval of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis[1].
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Always consult a healthcare professional for a medical history, current medications, and any other relevant information.
Please Note:This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription and you will not be treated with it without a prescription from your doctor. You must get a valid prescription from your healthcare provider for this medicine to treat your condition.
Possible Side Effects
Some of the side effects of taking Celebrex in Pakistan may include:
In rare cases, Celebrex can cause more serious side effects, including:
If you experience any of the above side effects or any other serious side effects while taking Celebrex, stop taking Celebrex and contact your healthcare provider immediately.
How to Stop Taking Celebrex
If you have been diagnosed with a condition that can affect your heart rhythm, Celebrex may help to decrease the risk of this happening in certain situations. Stop taking Celebrex and tell your healthcare provider right away if you experience any of the following symptoms:
How to Stop Celebrex
If you have a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, a history of a stroke or heart attack, or any other medical conditions that cause a rapid heart rate, stop taking Celebrex and call your healthcare provider right away. They will also likely recommend ways to help reduce the risk of this side effect.
Warnings When Taking Celebrex
These medicines can increase the risk of a blood clot in the lungs, which can be fatal.
CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE contains Celecoxib which belongs to group of medicines called Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE is used in adults to manage osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), rheumatoid arthritis (inflammatory disease of joints), ankylosing spondylitis (chronic back pain), acute pain and primary dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps).
CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE is also used to manage juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (in children aged 2 years and above).
CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE is not recommended for use in patients allergic to Celecoxib, sulfonamides, aspirin and/or other NSAIDs. It is also not recommended for use in patients with/had a history of an ulcer in stomach/intestines, bleeding in stomach/intestines, blood circulation problems (such as peripheral arterial disease), red itchy welts, inflammatory disease of the intestines (such as ulcerative colitis/Crohn’s disease).
The medicine is also not indicted for use in patients suffering from lung problems (such as asthma), heart diseases (such as heart failure, recent heart attack, heart block), severe liver disease (such as advanced hepatic insufficiency) and/or kidney disease (such as advanced renal insufficiency).
Before taking CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE, inform your doctor if you have diabetes, raised blood pressure, increased cholesterol, signs of fluid retention (such as swollen ankles and feet) and/or hyperkalemia (increased potassium level in blood).
CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE is not recommended for use in pregnant and breast-feeding women.
CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE should be used with caution in children and adolescents (aged 2 to 17 years) to manage only juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and is advised to be used with caution in elderly patients (aged 65 years/above) after consulting the doctor.
The most common side effects of taking CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE are high blood pressure, shortness of breath, sore throat, cough, headache, nausea and dizziness. Consult your doctor if any of these symptoms worsen.
Direct medicines stop the application and signs of a lack of menstruation and/or E-pregnancyCapsule:1 capsulemenstruate every 3 hours
CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE may stop when CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE is no longer prescribed2 days before menstruation. Do not lengthen any new use of this medicine.
The medicine works for up to 3 daysdepending on the severity of the symptoms and the people affected. It is recommended that you take it for a longer period when you do not have any stomach pain. Do not skip any period.
Do not take CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE if you are pregnant unless under medical advice. Do not nursing this medicine without first consulting the doctor.
The use of CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE is not recommended in patients with a history of asthma (wheezing) with/ after had an asthma attack.
For optimal results, take CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE according to the advice of a doctor.
The recommended starting dose of CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE is 200mg once daily. The dose may need to be adjusted depending on the severity of the pain and the patient. Consult you doctor and decide on the optimal dose.
Use is not hindered by menstrual cramps unless advised otherwise by your doctor. Even if you feel fine, do not stop taking CELEBREX 200MG CAPSULE unless directed by the doctor. If you feel crampy or pain, consult your doctor. Do not take more medicine than directed.
The signs of cramp include increased pressure, swelling, poor circulation, fever, muscle pain and discomfort. Consult your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms.
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